Like most I receive a a lot of junk mail and today I found myself reading one from the National Inflation Association in rapt fascination. They talked of a Stock called Ocean Point Technologies was trading on the Nasdaq at a ridiculously undervalued price, basically legal stealing.Trading at $3.01, OPTT has a cash liquidation value of $ 4.11 (net cash in the bank). Essentially you could buy the entire company for $31,288,950, liquidate it for the cash in the bank for $42,723,450, book an immediate profit of $11,434,500 plus keep and its 41 issued US patents for free!

That sounds like value investing to me, so with Danielle Park pointing out to Money Talks that the value buying opportunity of a lifetime I thought it was a good time to post the ultimate value investor’s rules:

Benjamin Graham’s Seven Criteria for Picking Value Stocks

Criteria #1: I look for a quality rating that is average or better. You don’t need to find the best quality companies–average or better is fine. Graham recommended using Standard & Poor’s rating system and required companies to have an S&P Earnings and Dividend Rating of B or better. The S&P rating system ranges from D to A+. I try to recommend stocks with ratings of B+ or better, just to be on the safe side.

Criteria #2: Graham advised buying companies with Total Debt to Current Asset ratios of less than 1.10. It is important at all times to invest in companies with a low debt load, especially now with tight lending in a weak economy. Total Debt to Current Asset ratios can be found in data supplied by Standard & Poor’s, Value Line, and many other services.

Criteria #3: I check the Current Ratio (current assets divided by current liabilities) to find companies with ratios over 1.50. This is a common ratio provided by many investment services and is especially important now, because you want to make sure a company has enough cash and other current assets to weather any further declines in the economy.

Criteria #4: Criteria four is simple. Find companies with positive earnings per share growth during the past five years with no earnings deficits. Earnings need to be higher in the most recent year than five years ago. Avoiding companies with earnings deficits during the past five years will help you stay clear of high-risk companies.

Criteria #5: Invest in companies with price to earnings per share (P/E) ratios of 9.0 or less. I am looking for companies that are selling at bargain prices. Finding companies with low P/Es usually eliminates high growth companies, which should be evaluated using growth investing techniques.

Criteria #6: Find companies with price to book value (P/BV) ratios less than 1.20. P/E ratios, mentioned in rule 5, can sometimes be misleading. P/BV ratios are calculated by dividing the current price by the most recent book value per share for a company. Book value provides a good indication of the underlying value of a company. Investing in stocks selling near or below their book value makes sense.

Criteria #7: Invest in companies that are currently paying dividends. Investing in undervalued companies requires waiting for other investors to discover the bargains you have already found. Sometimes your wait period will be long and tedious, but if the company pays a decent dividend, you can sit back and collect dividends while you wait patiently for your stock to go from undervalued to overvalued.

One last thought. find out why a stock is selling at a bargain price. Is the company competing in an industry that is dying? Is the company suffering from a setback caused by an unforeseen problem? The most important question, though, is whether the company’s problem is short-term or long-term and whether management is aware of the problem and taking action to correct it. You can put your business acumen to work to determine if management has an adequate plan to solve the company’s current problems.

Benjamin Graham’s Seven Criteria for Picking Value Stocks provided by:

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One thing is clear. Investors are continuing to buy the Dow-type stocks, the ones that have a long history of paying dividends. I watch the ten largest capitalization stocks in the S&P 500 on a daily basis. As I write, nine out of these “big ten” are higher. The nine are XOM, MSFT, PG, T, IBM, JNJ, GE, CVX and KO. – Richard Russell of Dow Theory Letters

(Ed Note: The Following is just a small fraction of Mark’s Daily VRTrader Letter)

STOCKS – NEUTRAL from SELL Oct. 3rd HERE

Back in early May when my work generated confirming Negative Leibovit Volume Reversals and ‘seasonality’ suggested ‘Sell May and go Away’, the universe was in perfect order. Come the Fall and the Autumnal Equinox, seasonality told us to be on the lookout for a low in the market – a low ideally confirmed by positive upside volume (my Leibovit Positive Volume Reversal). So far, cycles seem to be ‘in gear’ but volume is not. This does not preclude a further rally try – so I remain NEUTRAL, but cautiously bullish thinking then when this party is over in the next few weeks – down we come again. Last Spring my sense was that we were going to experience a summer swoon, but come the Fall we could be readying for a resumption of the current bull cycle which began back in March, 2009. The reasoning was strictly political – we have an upcoming Presidential election. In addition, we have a seated Fed Chairman who knows better than any of his predecessor how to lubricate and run the ‘invisible’ printing press that automatically creates money out of thin air and transfers it into the coffers of friendly corporations and foreign governments at the push of a button. Traders are holding their breadth to see how the today’s Employment Report . September Non-farm Payrolls are expected to increase to 63,000 versus unchanged at zero in August. Private Payrolls are expected to increase to 90,000 from 17,000 in August. The September Unemployment Rate is expected to remain unchanged at 9.1%. September Hourly Earnings are expected to increase 0.2% versus a 0.1% decline in August. (Ed Note: Actual Unemployment figures HERE)

Mark Leibovit’s VR Gold Letter Service

It has just been announced that Mark is Timer Digest’s #1 US gold timer in 2011.

Mark Leibovit’s THE VR GOLD LETTER provides investors, portfolio managers and traders his unique insights, opinions and recommendations for the Gold, Silver and Platinum markets utilizing his proprietary VOLUME REVERSAL™ and Cyclical (Annual Forecast Model) Strategies.

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The above is just a portion of Mark’sVRTrader. Much more analysis contained every day in To subscribe just send an email to mark.vrtrader@gmail.com,  call 928-282-1275 or Click HERE to Subscribe. Do you want to see for yourself the Leibovit Volume Reversal in action? Get the Volume Reversal Toolkit from Metastock! Both the Toolkit and Metastock software are FREE for 30 Days! – http://vrplug-in.com/

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Despite the recent pullback in metals prices, Amine Bouchentouf still believes that precious metals and mining stocks offer investors the best way to profit from the unfolding global economic mess. In this exclusive interview with The Gold Report, he talks about how mining stocks can offer investors the type of diversification and upside potential needed in today’s rocky market environment.

The Gold Report: Thank you for joining us today. You wrote “Commodities for Dummies” and are a partner in Commodities Investors LLC, an advisory firm. What is your reaction to the spectacular run-up in metals’ prices and recent pullback in the last few weeks? Where are we headed from here?

Amine Bouchentouf: We have to put things in perspective. Let’s not forget that gold has been one of the top performing commodities over the last five years, and even over the last year. I recommended gold in 2006 at about $500/ounce (oz.). Between 2006 and today, gold is up about 175%, even considering last week’s downturn. Take it one step further; even this year gold is up approximately 15% while the S&P is down 7%. So, if you were in gold over the last five years or just the last year, you have outperformed the broad market by a wide margin. The long-term uptrend remains intact but these kinds of pullbacks are normal and provide buying opportunities.

TGR: So, with that mind, what are you thinking about performance in the next several months, and where are we going from here?

AB: I think we are going to see a volatile fourth quarter. Gold, throughout the year, has been acting as an independent asset. We saw it last week get caught up in the global asset deflationary cycle where, for the first time, every asset class went down with the exception of Treasuries. Equities went down and gold went down with them. That was, quite frankly, slightly unexpected by a lot of market participants. The fundamentals tell me that gold prices should go up. 

Only 174,000 tons of gold exist in the world above ground. Looking at the supply side, that asset is growing at 2% a year. Last year gold production came in at approximately 2,500 tons. Throw in the physical demand from Asia and the Central Banks—for the first time we are seeing central banks become net purchasers of bullion. This is a new trend that I believe is going to put a floor on gold prices going forward. I’ve analyzed the holdings of central banks very closely and I think they are going to act as major drivers of physical gold purchases going forward, especially the emerging market central banks. 

Let me be specific. The United States holds 75% of its foreign exchange reserves in gold. China currently holds 2% of its foreign exchange reserves in gold. Now we are seeing the Chinese Central Bank, the Brazilian Central Bank, the Russian Central Bank and the South Korean Central Bank all start to acquire gold very aggressively. Kazakhstan this year announced a very important decision. The Kazakhstan Central Bank now has a first option on all of the gold produced in Kazakhstan. And, Kazakhstan is a Top 10 producer with almost 40 tons of gold coming out every year—in a tight market, that kind of move can have a large impact, especially when other central banks start doing the same thing. We’re now seeing a major move by the central banks into the physical market and that’s going to provide a broad support for prices going forward.

TGR: Given that demand, if no one is a seller and every one is a buyer, then what happens?

AB: Right now what we are seeing is an increase in investor demand. We are seeing exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and more participants in the futures markets. We are seeing more hedge funds. We are seeing more mutual funds start to get physical. These have added some volatility to the prices, which is what we saw last week. We saw people deleverage. We saw margin calls and we saw the financial markets dictating the physical price. That has added a lot of volatility. Investors should be very careful of that kind of volatility. Going forward, we may be seeing larger spikes in gold than we regularly see in the silver markets, with new participants starting to flood into the gold markets.

TGR: So, the general trend is up with a lot of erratic activity in between.

AB: Yes.

TGR: In your writing, you have taken the position that junior gold mining companies are more attractive than the ETFs. Tell us why you think that’s the case.

AB: Well, I would like to first say that the ETFs have helped in the democratization of owning all sorts of commodities. I’m not anti-ETFs by any means. I think ETFs provide an important tool and access point to the market that investors otherwise would not get. I would say that the junior mining companies offer a lot more upside because you have the exploration advantage and the potential for new discoveries through knowledgeable management teams that are out there trying to add value. 

Let’s just take a quick example. New Gold Inc. (NGD:TSX; NGD:NYSE.A) is a stock that has outperformed gold prices and gold ETFs by a wide margin. That’s because the company has a really solid management team in place and it has been able to grow reserves and add value while keeping cash costs very low. The junior mining space is a great way to get that kind of exposure. If you want to get exposure to gold with additional upside, then I believe the mining equities in general—and the junior miners in particular—offer you a very, very good way to do that. 

Also, when you are buying into a junior miner you are getting physical gold at a deep discount. For example, the extraction costs of some of these companies are $350–$450/oz. Even at $600/oz., which is the case of some miners, you are still getting your physical gold at a deep discount when you are buying into a mining equity. In an ideal situation, you would like to own both. You would like to have some physical exposure, but also get the junior mining exposure because the growth in value can be really explosive.

TGR: So, basically ETFs provide a sort of mutual fund approach to investing whereas the individual stocks provide bigger upside with potential pops, if a company comes up with something really spectacular. 

AB: Exactly right. ETFs are similar to a tanker ship, which provides you with slow, steady exposure. Whereas the junior miners and the mining companies are more of a speedboat, which can give you a lot faster upside than a tanker would.

TGR: Pure commodities trading offers futures and options and that sort of thing. That’s a whole different game for people who are interested more in gambling. Is that a good way to describe it?

AB: I wouldn’t necessarily characterize it as gambling. I would say that the futures/options space is for experienced market players. If you don’t have experience trading options or futures, don’t do it because the losses can be dramatic. And, you can actually lose much more than your principal. One of the red flags of futures and options is that you can trade them on margin, often with low margin requirements. So, I think if you want to get commodity exposure, ETFs, equities and slight hedging positions, if you are experienced, are really the best way to go.

TGR: When you look at these junior companies, how do you categorize them? What criteria do you use?

AB: You have the three categories: explorers, intermediate producers and senior producers. Depending on which playing field you are in, you are going to get a different risk profile. If you want higher risk with potentially extremely high reward, then I would recommend looking into the explorers. We have recently seen companies make big discoveries and their stock price going through the roof. That’s not just in the mining space, but in oil and other commodities as well. For the more high-risk/high-reward play, I would recommend looking at explorers. 

The intermediates offer a steady base from which to build an investment portfolio. The reward might not be as high, but it establishes a floor because the company already has production. Any upside it can generate will flow down to the shareholder, and that’s where you can benefit. 

Seniors like Barrick Gold Corp. (ABX:TSX; ABX:NYSE) and Newmont Mining Corp. (NEM:NYSE) are companies that are already producing and have very substantial reserves. The upside will come from acquisitions or ramping up existing production or issuing dividends to existing investors. So, as an investor going to the mining equity space you really have a wonderful universe of companies to choose from that fits every investment profile. 

TGR: Do you want to tell us about some names that you think are particularly attractive at this point?

AB: I like several different companies in the space. As far as companies that are already producing, New Gold is an interesting company. It has some great assets and it is growing them. It has a good exposure base. The company is in mining-friendly jurisdictions in Canada, the United States, Australia and Mexico. I’m also not afraid to look into emerging markets like Africa and Latin America for growth. I think a company like Avion Gold Corp. (AVR:TSX; AVGCF:OTCQX), for example, which is in Mali in West Africa, can provide some terrific upside. The company is already producing about 90 thousand ounces (Koz.) a year and has plans to increase that to 200 Koz. by 2012; it also has some great potential upside in exploration with a target-rich area of 600 square kilometers. It’s also in Burkina Faso, which can give you even more exposure to a growing mining jurisdiction. A company like Banro Corp. (BAA:NYSE; BAA:TSX), which is based in Central Africa, for example, can offer additional exposure with an existing base of 7 million ounces of gold plus an exploration package of 210 square kilometers. That’s a spectacularly well-managed company and it can offer tremendous upside. 

As far as some of the other names, I do like some of the royalty companies as well. I think the royalty companies offer a unique entry point into the market. Companies like Royal Gold Inc. (RGL:TSX; RGLD:NASDAQ), for example, have done very well. Franco-Nevada Corp. (FNV:TSX) is also one that investors should be keeping an eye on. These are very interesting plays because you are getting that kind of industry exposure without the operating expenditures. For me, as an investor, that’s an attractive proposition. If I am looking at a Franco-Nevada, this is a company that gives me the gold exposure without the burden of operating and capital expenditures. As an investor, I find that attractive.

TGR: Any others you like?

AB: I think Golden Predator Corp. (GPD:TSX) is a really interesting company. It has a year-long drilling program in the mining-friendly Yukon with no risk of having your assets seized by the government. Its exploration area package is bigger than the state of Delaware so the upside can be significant. Another company is Silver Predator Corp. (SPD:TSX), which is similar to Golden Predator since it also operates in the Yukon, except that it’s focusing on silver assets. It also has assets in Nevada, which is another mining-friendly jurisdiction; it’s thinly traded at the moment but it’s a company I’m keeping on my radar screen. 

TGR: That’s a good broad range of coverage for the industry. What do you think metals and mining investors should be concerned about in the coming months as we are going through all this turmoil?

AB: I am watching the European sovereign debt situation and any potential spillovers it may have. If Greece defaults, that may trigger a cascade of defaults across Europe that could dwarf the effects after the 2008 Lehman collapse. So, in this case, I think hard assets do provide you with good exposure. Gold, in particular, provides safety in inflationary times. In addition, if we see large inflationary trends, which we have already seen through Quantitative Easing (QE) 1 and QE2, that’s another reason to be in gold. There is a direct correlation between increase of money supply and the increase in the gold price. I’ve studied this very carefully and determined that for each 1% increase in total money supply in the United States, we see a 0.97% increase in the price of gold. 

So, if you are going to see the Federal Reserve and Bernanke print more money, that is a bullish sign for gold, not for dollars. As an investor looking out in the marketplace right now, I want to be in physical assets like gold and silver. Let’s not forget that gold and silver have been currencies for centuries. Let’s say that 100 years ago I showed up with a bar of gold in one hand and some green paper in the other, which do you think would get me what I want? The gold, because gold has that monetary aspect to it and it is a store of value. So, in this time of turmoil and market volatility, you want to be in gold. 

TGR: Are you saying that the prospects for gold are good regardless of the intermediate little panics where people play games? Ultimately the metals should outweigh the paper?

AB: Absolutely. The hard assets are a store of value and a great place to be. Going forward, we should see a big increase in gold prices. Silver is a little bit trickier; silver is a schizophrenic commodity because it is 50% industrial and 50% investment oriented. These two undercurrents are always at play in the silver markets. That is why we see such violent swings in silver. If we see a collapse or if we see inflation in Europe and in the United States combined with robust industrial demand from Asia, these are two market drivers that will be bullish for silver. Again, I would like to point out that it is very important for investors to be careful when investing in silver because it can move violently, especially if you are trading the futures or options.

TGR: Is there anything else you would like to leave with our readers?

AB: Right now, valuations are very attractive in the mining equity space. Gold is still an institutionally under-owned asset. We’re seeing strong physical demand from the central banks and from investors. We are seeing strong physical demand for jewelry. So, I believe the future for gold is bright. And, in a period of tremendous market dislocation, you want to be in an asset such as gold.

TGR: Those are good words of advice for our readers and they can make their decisions accordingly. We will just have to stay tuned and see what happens. 

AB: Exactly.

TGR: Thanks for joining us today. We’ll look forward to speaking with you again to see what develops.

Amine Bouchentouf is a best-selling author and globally recognized expert in the commodities markets. He is the author of the best-seller “Commodities For Dummies” (Wiley), which provides factual insight and analysis on energy, metals and agribusiness. Bouchentouf’s market reports and recommendations are read by over 42,000 investors each month. He is also a founder of Commodities Investors LLC, an advisory firm that advises investors on investment allocations into natural resources. He graduated from Middlebury College with a degree in economics. You can follow him on www.commodities-investors.com, www.hardassetsinvestor.com/the-commodity-investor andwww.twitter.com/commodityinvst. Please feel free to email him with any inquiries at:amine@commodities-investors.com.

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DISCLOSURE:
1) Zig Lambo of The Gold Report conducted this interview. He personally and/or his family own shares of the following companies mentioned in this interview: None.
2) The following companies mentioned in the interview are sponsors of The Gold Report: Avion Gold Corp., Banro Corp., Royal Gold Inc., Franco-Nevada Corp., Golden Predator Corp., Silver Predator Corp.
3) Amine Bouchentouf: I personally and/or my family own shares of the following companies mentioned in this interview: New Gold Corp., Avion Gold Corp. I personally and/or my family am paid by the following companies mentioned in this interview: None.