Market Buzz – RRSP Deadline Past! TFSA Remains an Attractive (and Potentially Better) Alternative

Posted by Ryan Irvine - KeyStone Financial

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image001For those of you looking to contribute to your Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) for the 2014 tax year, the deadline unfortunately came and went on March 2nd. But fret not…although the RRSP can be an excellent tool for generating investment returns in a tax advantaged manner, the TFSA, or Tax Free Savings Account provides an attractive, and potentially even better, alternative.
 
For those of you who require some background, the TFSA was started in 2009 and is available to every Canadian resident, aged 18 and older. Eligible participants are allotted $5,500 per year to contribute (raised in 2011 from the original $5,000) to their TFSA. Contributions are made with money that has already been taxed but any returns generated within your TFSA (interest income, dividends, or capital gains) accrue 100% tax free. Withdrawals made from your TFSA are also tax free.
 
In an ideal world, we would all be able to contribute the maximum allowable amount to all of our registered accounts (TFSAs and RRSPs). But for the majority of Canadians, choices often have to be made with respect to where your capital is best allocated.
 
Like TFSAs, RRSPs also offer excellent tax advantages. However, instead of contributing after tax money to your RRSP, you contribute your money on a pre-tax basis. A contribution to your RRSP will usually yield a nice tax refund in the year you contribute. But don’t get too excited…that bountiful tax refund is not really your money. Essentially this should be looked at as an interest free loan from the Canadian government. While you contribute to your RRSP in pre-tax dollars and investment returns accrue in your RRSP without tax, the government will be patiently waiting for when you make a withdrawal which is when they will take their piece of the pie (tax).
The structural difference between the TFSA and RRSP is that the TFSA is truly a tax free account (as per the name) and the RRSP is a tax deferred account. With the TFSA you pay tax on your money today and then invest it tax free potentially for life. With the RRSP, you don’t pay tax on your money today but you will pay it when you withdrawal it from your account (tax deferred = pay later).
 
Why then can the TFSA be a superior alternative to the RRSP? From a tax perspective, they are actually fairly even. You are better off with the TFSA if your tax rate is lower today then it will be when you withdrawal the funds. And you are better off with the RRSP if the opposite is true…your tax rate today is higher than your tax rate when you withdrawal the funds (which is when you will pay the tax). Unfortunately, it isn’t really possible to predict what your tax rate will be in the future. It might make sense that you would have a lower tax rate if you withdrew your money in retirement. However, there are a number of mitigating factors in a real life investing scenario where this may not be the case.

The answer as to why the TFSA can be better comes down to flexibility and simplicity. With TFSAs, you have the flexibility to make deposits and withdrawals throughout the year without tax consequences. The only caveat here is that capital withdrawn cannot be recontributed until the next calendar year. But perhaps more importantly is how withdrawals from RRSPs and TFSAs are accounted for. Withdrawals from an RRSP are considered income for tax purposes. Withdrawals from TFSAs are not. So in the event that you have to make a large, emergency withdrawal from your TFSA you don’t have to worry about the tax consequences. That is certainly not the case with RRSPs where you would be taxed on the whole amount as if it were regular income. Even if you wait until retirement to withdraw funds from your RRSP there could be some implications as RRSP withdrawals are also considered income when the government assesses eligibility for federal income-tested benefits and credits, such as Old Age Security, the Guaranteed Income Supplement, and the Canada Child Tax Benefit. This means that your right to these benefits may be reduced simply because you saved capital in your working years and wisely invested it in an RRSP. However, TFSA withdrawals are not considered income in this case either and theoretically you could make and withdrawal millions of dollars from your TFSA with no impact to these benefits. This may be the single biggest advantage that the TFSA has over the RRSP.

The TSFA is truly one of the best tax free structures for Canadian investors – ever! Now you just have to fugure out what to put in it.

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